The following traits often indicate that an article is peer-reviewed:

  • A lot of citations: these may appear in-text, and/or as footnotes, endnotes, reference list 
  • An Abstract (a brief description of the article)
  • The organization of the article into sections such as Methodology, Results, and Conclusion
  • Charts, tables, or graphs
  • Complex, formal language that is specific to the field
  • Notes indicating when the article was submitted and when it was accepted

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